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Unit 4 Coursework Blog Ragz
Wednesday, 15 April 2015
Tuesday, 17 March 2015
Critical Investigation Draft 2
Comments
- Footnotes from books need page numbers
"As superhero after superhero makes their big screen debut – and earns sequels, team-ups, and crossovers with a successful launch – the lack women in the spotlight is becoming impossible to overlook." - Andrew Dyce, Screenrant [1]
Why do comic book movies like The Avengers reinforce traditional gender stereotypes and what impact does this have on audiences?
- Footnotes from books need page numbers
"As superhero after superhero makes their big screen debut – and earns sequels, team-ups, and crossovers with a successful launch – the lack women in the spotlight is becoming impossible to overlook." - Andrew Dyce, Screenrant [1]
Why do comic book movies like The Avengers reinforce traditional gender stereotypes and what impact does this have on audiences?
As Andrew Dyce states in the quote above, the battle for equality
between men and women in superhero films continues to rage on. The most recent example of the reinforcement of traditional gender stereotypes is Marvel’s
The Avengers[2] where the sole representation of women is through the character of Black Widow. Through comic book movies such as these it is clear that traditional
gender stereotypes are being reinforced. It is hard to believe this doesn't impact on the mainly male target audience for these films. In recent years, the introduction of new and digital media has led to a turning
point for gender equality in wider society as there have many examples of women having a more equal representation. This may be reaching superhero movies too - one of Marvel’s latest movies is Captain Marvel
where the main protagonist is a woman. [4] This essay will evaluate how comic book movies reinforce and subvert traditional gender stereotypes and how this might impact on audiences.
Historically, women in comic book movies have been a stereotypical
portrayal of that time period. The chosen historical text is Captain America[5].
The narrative of this is multi-strand narrative, with two strands developing,
the first being the emergence of the German super soldier known as Red Skull,
who is identified as the villain later in the movie. The second strand being
the rise of the American super soldier, Steve Rodgers, also known as Captain
America. The stereotypical representation of women is first evident when the
main protagonist is leaving for the super soldier program. There is a long shot
of the main protagonist’s mother, she is shown wearing bright coloured dress
and serves the family and husband. This was stereotypical of the values that
wartime America had tried to boost morale in order to promote winning
mentality. The first appearance of women in the movie has made women portrayed
in home. Further on in the movie, there is a long shot of a female named Dr Gonselli,
who is shown in a white lab coat. This subverts the stereotypical view of women
as they are shown as more than just housewives. A left to right panning long shot is
used to show when Dr Gonselli is shot dead by Nazi spy. This presents the
audience with an abrupt end to women in a subversive role. Steve Rogers is presented
restrained to a table in a long shot, then cuts to a close up of Rogers
breaking free from his metal restraints. This presents men as superior and indestructible
as he does he is hit with two bullets in the chest, shown by a close up. He
then carries on fighting in a several cuts. A long shot is used to show the
power of Rogers as it shows him killing a Nazi spy with one punch. There is a
zoom out long shot of Dr Gonselli dead on the hospital bed; this shows that
woman are nothing more than a plot device used to move the story on. Representations
of women have been embodied in the character of Dr Gonselli who is killed with
one bullet. As Syvanis writes in Gender Representation in the Superhero Genre: “Film-makers primarily choose to focus on a
super heroine’s looks and attractiveness to draw in male audiences.”[6]
This presents that women’s roles in movies are based on sexuality and base it
on their curves. In contrast, the Steve Rogers character is able to show his bravery, endurance
and strength through noble acts throughout the movie. This is even more effective
through the use of low angle shots that make the audience look up towards him.
The next shot is a medium shot of Steve Rogers in a hospital gown surviving the
two shots this showing that males have more guts and are stronger physically.
Comic book characters reinforce traditional gender stereotypes. Propp’s seven spheres
of action are shown in the fight scene between Red Skull and Captain America.
The spheres show the hero versus the villain. Red Skull is a red head which connotes
danger and violence. He is wearing a black coat that connotes a mysterious and
dark persona. A panning long shot to a close up shot is used to show Captain
America stabbed with three knives to throat. A long shot is used to show
Captain America tied to a rocket and sent to America to blow up but Captain
America once again shows his heroism and bends the wings and crash in the
arctic where he is frozen in ice. There is a small beach scene where Captain
America runs past a busty women in a bikini and stares at her as he does, this
links to Mulvey’s male gaze, where the dominant objects on screen are for the
benefit of men. In the climax scene Captain America needs to save his
girlfriend (Princess) and does this with the help of the president (Helper),
this also links to Propps character theory. FIND QUOTE
In the Avengers, Black Widow is the sole representation of
women and it can be connoted through her name that she is a femme fatale. Black
widow spiders are known to kill their partners and lay eggs in their carcases. As
Laura Bates of Everyday Sexism states: [7]“The
male gaze is utilized to hyper sexualize the female character, further
misrepresenting women in the media through visual depiction and the starvation
of their personal agency.” This links to the way that Black Widow is used for the appeal
of men and through the sex appeal of women as “Sex is their weapon.”[8]
The Avengers connotation is that it can reinforce and subvert the stereotypical
view of women, as she had “spent most of the movie bending over various objects
in revealing clothing.”[9]
It reinforces the stereotype as the Black Widow is the only woman in the
Avengers and has no film that led to the build up to her character like Captain
America[10],
Hulk[11],
Iron Man[12]
and Thor[13]. The Captain America’s costume connotes his patriotism for his country through
the red white and blue. Iron Man’s costume is a battle suit, which is red and
yellow, this which connotes spitfire and hints to his hot shot personality.
Thor’s costume represents his heritage of Asgard and his origins. Hulk is a
large green behemoth that where shredded trousers; this presents him as a wild and
ferocious character. Black Widow's costume is a full black body suit which
creates an enigmatic presence as she could be two faced.
The dominant ideologies portrayed in the Avengers are that women are inferior
to men and are the weaker sex. This is evident from the fact that the Black Widow is
presented as the only woman and “She is dressed in a suit that perfectly forms
to her curves, as to appear appealing, and she armed with the smallest weapon.
This is how women are portrayed in cinema.”[14]
This is the idea that woman gain power from their sexuality. The target demographic
for the Avengers is 12-30 year old males however, “40% of its
opening-weekend audience were women.”[15]
Presenting that Avengers is targets the male demographic, but a large percent
is female. As the audience we are put in a position where we see the heroes in
an inspirational light where we are viewing their selfless acts of justice and
protecting us. This contrasts the stereotypical view of women as usually
the main group of civilians being saved are women and children. The narrative
subverts this view, even though other Marvel films like Thor and Iron Man
presented women to be vulnerable. All the heroes are delineated with egos
and their mistrust issues become present as soon as they meet, for example the scene
where Thor attacks Iron Man in order to take Loki back to Asgard, this is the
first meeting between the two heroes this is shown through a low angle long
shot of Thor striking Iron man with a vast lightning bolt. - DISCUSS THE IMPACT ON A FEMALE AUDIENCE OF CHARACTERS SUCH AS BLACK WIDOW. ADD QUOTE IF POSSIBLE.
The establishing shot of Black widow’s introduction she is portrayed
as a helpless woman. As an over the shoulder low angle long shot is used to
show her tied to a chair and being interrogated by a foreign general. The low angle
presents her as helpless which is stereotypical of females, as princesses –
Propps character types. However, through dialogue she is able to trick the
General and Hench men using her assets, these are shown through high angle point of view shots of the general looking down upon her. The stereotypical view of woman is
broken down through the fight scene between the general and black widow. This
next scene is when Loki is in the containment unit. This scene presents Black
Widow as deceitful and cunning. This is exemplified by the reaction of the Loki,
shown through a close up, where he was tricked by Black Widow. This subverts
the stereotypical view of women in society, in the current society we see women
as the person who takes care of the house and kids rather than working. The
disposition that is associated with this view is caring and loving, but this
view shows her as evil and in some sense a femme fatal. Socially, this scene
shows how women can be more than just passive they can be cunning and
malevolent. Historically, the view of women has changed completely as they are
seen as equals and in some cases superior to men. Economically, it shows how
women are also helping with the economy. Black widows character is put to the test as she is put
against two of her fellow Avengers members. The first being the strongest and
the mightiest shows that her representation as a woman is stronger as it shows women
aren’t weak and don’t need to be protected, they are able to fight their own
battles, until she is being chased by the Hulk where she is running down the
corridor where as Hulk is demolishing everything in his path. It can be
connoted that Hulk is the representation of society3[ and there view in the world
and Black widow is presented as women trying to escape the stereotype until she
is hit out by the stereotype and becomes a princess, according to Propps seven
character spheres, and is saved by Thor.
Another comic book movie that reinforces gender stereotypes is Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Rises. In this film, aside from Selina Kyle and Miranda
Tate, it is almost like Gotham is totally devoid of women. For example, major
scenes involve a bus load of orphans, who are all male, an all male football
team, and a police force of 3000 where there was not one woman. The main
villain is Bane and his entire crew is made up of men. The movie only contains
two thin, sexy, able bodied white women; the producers have creates a universe
where women of colour, fat women, women of differing abilities and looks, are
almost non-existent. Although, Tate and
Kyle are created to be so interesting, it doesn’t directly portray how Nolan
views women, as both women’s characters have been given depth and realism they
have a physical relationship with Bruce Wayne
at different points in the film, which inputs the idea that women are
only objects of men and that sex sells. Selina Kyle is a very interesting character because she carries
her own set of moral standards which interact with Bruce Wayne. Overall, she
tends to operate out of self interest and she doesn't sacrifice herself for
anyone, unlike so many other women in superhero films Selina Kyle steals from the rich only. She is very
concerned about how the rich have gained their wealth on the backs of the poor.
This portrays the embodiment of women as selfish and egotistical which brings
another representation of women to the table as they aren’t weak or small but
cunning and dangerous. Batman becomes a “symbol of vigilantism, justice,
vengeance and even fascism.” [16] REREAD - CLUMSY SENTENCES. ALSO HAVEN'T COVERED IMPACT ON AUDIENCE HERE.
There is an argument that comic book movies objectify all
characters – both male and female – and therefore should not be criticised for
reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes. Characters such as Wolverine in the
X-Men films (played by Hugh Jackman) are objectified for the audience. As Media
academic Derek Johnson argues in ‘Film and Comic Books’, the Wolverine
character is in the film is different to the comic: “Unlike the comic wolverine
of the “classic”[17]
continuity, consistently drawn as short, stocky scruffy, and ugly (or at least
unattractive). Jackman’s Wolverine was tall, trim (but muscular), and handsome.
In the film’s, Wolverine’s body was objectified and idealized. Jackman was
frequently shown bare-chested.” (p79)[18]
This suggests that criticisms that are made towards female characters in comic
book movies can also be made towards male characters too. However, the
portrayal of Wolverine by Hugh Jackman still reinforces some gender stereotypes
such as power, strength, leadership and heroism. For female characters, it is
still more about body shape and costume than their actual skills and qualities.
Professor Courtney Lee Weida, writing in Visual Culture and Gender is 2011,
asks this question: “What do young women identify as protagonists, subjects,
and objects of comics and graphic novels in the hyper-masculine re-emergences
of Batman, Superman, and Hellboy?”[19]
This presents the audience with the reinforced male gender stereotypes.
In recent years, there has been a rise in feminism due to the inequality in a lot of different aspects of society. There is an Everyday Sexism Project exists “to catalogue instances of
sexism experienced by women on a day to day basis.”[20]
This shows the rising revolution of women becoming equal in society and
breaking the stereotypes of the society we are currently living in. In New York
City, a woman had decided to do an experiment where she decided
to walk through New York City in tight jeans in order to record how many men
would comment or harass her for the clothes and her body. There was only one shot used throughout the video which was a long The experiment had
produced the results of “100+ instances of verbal street harassment had taken
place within 10 hours”[21]
these instances weren’t from one background but they involved “people of all
backgrounds” [6]. The representations of women have been derogatory
and have always put woman in “In a world ordered by sexual imbalance, pleasure
in looking has been split between active/male and passive/female.”[22]
Though the majority of superhero films have been
predominantly male, there is a rise of the revolution of woman as the leads in
superhero films. The most recent being the mighty hammer wielding Norse God
Thor being transformed and changed in to a female, Marvel Comics “announced the superhero will become a woman
in a move to attract more female fans to the franchise.”[23]
The new Thor’s first look has been depicted with “long blonde hair, metal
armour and a red cape” (Wyatt, 2014) .
The comic book world is not only platform that has begun to change as “Captain
Marvel will be the first of Marvel's female heroes to star in her own film,
which is being announced today with a release date scheduled for July 6th,
2018.”[24]
In conclusion, the superhero universe has been a universe of
stereotypes and short hands of identifications, “where the women superheroes...are
built to promote their sexuality.”[25]
Women have become an object of the male gaze and just used as an attraction for
men to drool at along with the big explosions and action. “Superhero films are known for their
male-centric nature.”[26] This shows
that the whole movie revolves around the main protagonist, where “The
biggest superhero names have all been “attractive,” white,
heterosexual”[27]
this shows that the most idolized roles of superheroes, as had put it in
his post-colonialism theory that the minority of the population put on white
masks. Although, the traditional gender stereotypes have been created, the
times have changed how accepted woman as superheroes are. For example, wonder
woman had an “early start as a strong non-stereotypical female character”
presenting to us that she was the original change of stereotypes.
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Alexander, J. (2012,
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Aucoin, J. (2014,
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Demarest, R. A. (2010).
Superheroes, Superpowers, and Sexuality Pg2. Retrieved October 7th,
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Hickey, W. (2014,
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Turner, P. (2013, April
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[1]
Dyce, A. (2014 ).
[2]
(Whedon, 2012)
[3]
(Dyce, 2014)
[4]
(Kastrenakes, 'Captain Marvel' will be Marvel Studios' first female
superhero movie, 2014)
[5]
(Pyun, 1990)
[6]
(Syvanis, 2013)
[7]
(Laura)
[8]
(Laura)
[9]
(Parr)
[10]
(Johnston, 2011)
[11]
(Leterrier, 2008)
[12]
(Favreau, 2008)
[13]
(Branagh, 2011)
[14]
((GRIID), 2014)
[15]
(Alexander, 2012)
[16]
(Turner, 2013)
[17]
(Gordon, Jancovich, & McAllister, 2007)
[18]
(Gordon, Jancovich, & McAllister, 2007) p79
[19]
(Weida, 2011)
[20]
(Laura)
[21]
(StreetHarassmentvideo, 2014)
[22]
(Hendry, 2010 )
[23]
(Wyatt, 2014)
[24]
(Kastrenakes, 2014)
[25]
(Demarest, Superheroes, Superpowers, and Sexuality,
2010)
[26]
(Laura)
[27]
(Laura)
Sunday, 1 March 2015
Project schedule
As a group we are attempting to film over the next 7-10 days
In this time:
> Chose actors
> Chose Locations
> Film all the shots
In this time:
> Chose actors
> Chose Locations
> Film all the shots
Friday, 27 February 2015
Research and Planning
Research: notes on at
least THREE similar texts to the one you are creating. What are the key
conventions? What can you learn/borrow from the examples you have looked at?
Never Back Down (2008) – Final
Fight scene
In this fight scene, there are
two teenagers that are having a fight in a parking lot, so to say a street
fight, where they are going blow to blow with each and trying to get the other
to tap out. The main conventions of fight scenes are the right camera angles
and shots, along with fast paced editing. This scene has the right camera
angles and shots, however it is more an Mixed Martial Arts type of fight, so the submission
based moves, however there were a few punches that we can utilise as the camera
angles are simple yet effective.
Blood and Bone
This fight scene is simple
amazing as it flows with such consistency the shots and angles flow well
together. This scene is a prime example
of the main conventions of fight scenes are the right camera angles and shots. When Bones was fighting Hammerarms were fighting, long shots were used to show the full images, for example when Bones spin kicked or fly kicked Hammerarms the full impact was shown and it made the whole combo of shots flow in coherence. In our production we can use this low angle long shot in order to show a full effect of the hits and punched, or at least adapt it to be a medium low angle shot to show the characters have been hit in the face. Also, some of the moves that have been used, and this may be useful to use in our production. For example, the spin kick looks simple but deadly. There was a point of view shot from Hammerarms after he had taken a hit to the head, that POV was effective as it showed that Hammerarms was dazed, this was evident from the blurred shot.
This scene was a work of
brilliance, its fast paced editing was so effective in putting the whole sequence of events together, from the moment The Rock entered to the end where Vin Diesel punches Rocks face. The Rock and Vin Diesel’s fight was a
cinematic miracle. The cuts and shots were fit so well that it flowed and delivered. the long shots cutting to close ups was in such a flow it made the fight seem all more realistic. There are a few low angle close ups that I would use, as it presents the actors expressions, which thus presents the passion and emotions of the characters, as well the blood which is pouring down the faces.
Friday, 6 February 2015
Critical Investigation Learner Response
WWW- significant engagement with the texts....clear knowledge and passion for topic
EBI - Written english poor from opening sentence
- research is woefully short: you are 25-30 footnotes away from your target grade
- Vast majority of essay is simply telling the story of certain films- not even textual analysis (shot type, camera movement, editing etc.)
-very little acedemic research, media theory or debate.
-Lack of focus on the question
Bibliography poor: this won't get you out of level 2 books? journals? stuff from BFI? you haven't even got the book i specifically purchased for your essay.
Aim for second draft: A mark 40-43
Improvements for Second draft:
1) Stick to Analysis: by this I mean actually analyzing the shots and editing rather than telling a story and explaining the narrative. I need to use the keywords and be specific in the scenes that I have picked out and then infer/imply the meaning linking to the gender stereotypes.
2) Research - I need to increase the amount of research that needs to be inputted in to my essay, i need to add in at least 20+ footnotes, so that i can at the least get my target grade
3) In order to bring my essay up to an academic essay standard I will need to include in academic research from the BFI, the book sir bought and along with that attempt to include in more media theories and debates.
4) I need to improve the feminist paragraph and add more academic evidence to support the feminism section and strengthen the argument to this i will find more real life examples in which women are standing up for themselves.
5)I need to repeatedly keep the focus on the question by linking it back to the question.
Saturday, 31 January 2015
Preliminary Task: Learner Response
Zaid, Raghuveer and Armond
> Acting mixed - Armond exactly right but others weaker
>Costume and casting quite different (weather explanation makes sense)
>Location not bad but not quite right
>Framing and editing spot on- Really Impressive
Mark :25/32
Grade: B
> Acting mixed - Armond exactly right but others weaker
>Costume and casting quite different (weather explanation makes sense)
>Location not bad but not quite right
>Framing and editing spot on- Really Impressive
Mark :25/32
Grade: B
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